2011 Kinmen clan ancestors a hundred years of the Republic of intangible cultural assets to promote education - Headland pocket mountain villages beads winter solstice worship, eat first, rub the winter solstice, when a child to experience the beauty of Appreciation Parade-cum-building

「2011民國百年金門宗族祭祖之無形文化資產教育推廣-山仔兜珠山聚落冬至祭祖、吃頭、搓冬至圓仔體驗暨建築之美賞析巡禮」活動

一、活動緣起：
冬至這一天，太陽直射在南迴歸線上，北半球的白天最短，黑夜最長。冬至過後，太陽又漸漸向北迴歸線移轉，白晝慢慢長了，夜晚漸漸短了。冬至亦是中國傳統24節氣中的一個，和清明、七月半及年兜(農曆新年)，並列為金門人最重視的四個重大節日。
金門俗稱冬至為冬節，各氏族依古禮在祖厝內舉行祭祖大典，遵循一定規制古禮辦理，禮畢後聚族會餐聯誼，呈現出其它地區少見的宗族團聚和樂景象。
金門的聚落社會組織發展隨著時間移轉和因地制宜的宗法組織有密不可分分的關係。昔日金門的聚落多由單姓宗親所組成，少數為多姓村，構成金門主要以宗祠或家廟為祭祀中心的宗族社會，經過同宗分支、島內遷移等發展，我們從明洪受所著《滄海紀遺》記載金門聚落數量為61個（不包含烈嶼），且這些聚落宗祠建築通常位於聚落的中心地點，形成了金門在傳統聚落建築上的一大特色，也是聚落居民在精神認同上的中心。
宗祠的基本功能是供奉祖先神立，定時舉行祭拜儀式處所。依宗法觀念和制度，祭是極神聖、嚴肅的事，它涉及到被祭祀偶像的形式，祭祀的類型與節日，祭器和供品，祭告人容，與祭人的條件與紀律，祭禮的程序等。
一般來說，宗祠祭祀依四時具體時間選擇吉日，或在春分、夏至、秋分、冬至之日，一般官府對於上述祭祠之日並不做具體規定。祭祖的類型可分為：時祭，按一年四季分，在每季的第二個月祭祀一次，一年時祭共四次，分別為春祠、夏禴、秋嘗、冬蒸。
金門冬至祭祖，將祖宗牌位依序請出神龕，由老大奉於正殿所設的供桌上，焚香向列祖列宗祝告今日舉行冬祭祀典，這是宗族年度大事「祭用三獻，族長主祭，迎神讚禮，鼓樂侑食，具牲醴粢盛，序長幼跪拜而已，婦女不與，祭後會飲。」過去婦女不能參與祭祖儀式，至今仍有許多聚落遵循。
祭祖後會有這裡的「會飲」，指的就是「食頭」或「吃頭」活動。其相關費用來源有三；一為有新婚頭(男子新婚)；二為老頭(年滿六十歲老人)；三為成丁頭(男子十六歲成丁) ，輪流作頭，備辦祭品祭祖並依例開數桌酒席，祭祖畢，聚族人會餐於祖厝。
這樣的活動對於一個傳統聚落以房份來區分內部的空間組織，而其中最重要的建築物即為宗祠，並結合歲時節令（如清明、冬至）所舉行的祭祖活動來進行權利與義務的劃分，凝聚宗族的認同。這種以房份為空間單元的聚落構成一般稱為「甲頭」，宗祠則是聚落的社會與空間中心。當然，全村的中心在大宗宗祠，各房份甲頭的中心是小宗宗祠或私祖祠堂，層級分明。
金門縣文化局在歡慶國家百歲系列活動中，於年度尾聲時，特別挑選金門符合閩南風水概念建置與僑鄉文學的重要基地-珠山聚落，舉辦「山仔兜珠山聚落冬至祭祖、吃頭、搓冬至圓仔體驗暨建築之美賞析巡禮」活動，與各界一起分享金門傳統聚落中，有形的建築美學及無形的宗法倫理儀典之美，亦期盼將金門聚落建築美學和宗族祭禮儀式精神發揚光大、永續傳承。




"2011 Kinmen clan ancestors a hundred years of the Republic of intangible cultural assets to promote education - Headland pocket mountain villages beads winter solstice worship, eat first, rub the winter solstice, when a child to experience the beauty of Appreciation Parade-cum-building" activities
First, the activities of Origin:Winter solstice day, direct sunlight on the Tropic of Capricorn, in the northern hemisphere's shortest day, longest night. After the winter solstice, the sun and gradually transferred to the Tropic of Cancer, slowly day long, night gradually shorter. Winter Solstice is 24 solar terms in traditional Chinese one, and clear, and in July and a half pocket (Lunar New Year), tied for the most important people of Kinmen four major festivals.Winter solstice festival known as the Golden Gate, according to ancient ritual in the clan ancestral shrine festival held, following the ancient ritual for some regulation, Libi family together after dinner to get together and show the rest of the clan reunion and rare music scene.Kinmen settlement of social organizations and local conditions over time, transfer the patriarchal organization inseparable relationship between the points. More than the old villages of Kinmen clan formed by a single name, a few multi-surname villages, mainly in the ancestral form of Kinmen or family temple for the worship center of the clan society, through the clan branch migration, the development of the island, from the Ming-Hong by the book " Ji left the sea, "records the number of 61 villages of Kinmen (not included Lieyu), and these settlements are usually located in the settlement building temples central location, forming a traditional settlement construction on the Golden Gate in a major feature, but also the spirit of the residents agree on settlement the center.The basic function of the ancestral hall where the ancestral gods established, regular worship ceremony at the premises. According to patriarchal ideas and institutions, offering a very sacred and serious things, it involves being in the form of idol worship, worship of the type and festivals, ceremonial vessels and offerings, Jigu person capacity, and the sacrifice of the human condition and discipline, ritual procedures and so on.In general, the ancestral worship by four o'clock the specific timing of auspicious days, or the vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumnal equinox, winter solstice day, the general official date for the Shrine does not make specific provisions. The type of worship can be divided into: when offering, according to the points throughout the year, the second month of worship in the first quarter, a total of four times a year when the festival, namely the spring shrine, summer and spring imperial ancestral sacrifice, taste autumn, winter steam.Golden Gate winter solstice worship, the order of your ancestors out of the shrine, the oldest instructions from the main hall of the set for the table, burning incense to worship ancestors Zhugao today's typical winter, it is clan annual event "Festival with three offer, patriarch deacon, praise God, welcome gift, drum Yoo food, millet filled with sweet wine offerings, young and old bow order only, not with women, offering drink after. "ancestral past, women can not participate in the ceremony, there are still many villages to follow.After worship there will be here "will drink" refers to the "food first" or "eat first" activities.The costs associated with three sources; a head to have married (married man); two of the old man (aged 60 years old); three for Cheng Ding head (man, sixteen Cheng Ding), making the first turn, prepared to do sacrifice sacrifice number of cases opened by ancestral and banquet tables, complete worship, dinner on the ancestral tribe together.Such activities room for a traditional settlement in the space were to distinguish between internal organization, the most important buildings is the ancestral hall, combined with the age of seasonal (such as clear and bright, winter solstice) held sacrificial activities for the rights and obligations division and unite clans agree. This kind of housing units were for the space settlement constitutes a general called "a head", the ancestral hall is the settlement of social and Space Center. Of course, the center of the village ancestral hall in bulk, copies of each room is the center of a head or a private careen ancestral ancestral ancestral hierarchy clear.Cultural Affairs Bureau of Kinmen County in celebrating the centenary series of national activities, in the year end, the specially selected to build the Golden Gate in line with the concept of feng shui and the hometown of Fujian literature as an important base - Pearl Mountain settlement, held "pocket Headland Pearl Hill Winter Solstice Festival settlementancestors, eat first, rub the winter solstice, when a child experiences cum architectural beauty Appreciation Tour "event with the community to share the Golden Gate traditional settlements, the tangible architectural aesthetics and intangible patriarchal ethical ceremonies of the United States, is also looking forward to the Golden Gate settlement building aesthetics and clan rituals carry forward the spirit of the ceremony, sustainable heritage.